Tarihi Roman Üzerinden Tarihsel Bilinç Oluşturmak:Don DeLillo ve Epik Eseri Underworld
Anahtar Kelimeler:
Amerikan tarihi, Amerikan romanı, tarihsel bilinç, tarihi roman, Don DeLillo, Underworld, postmodernismÖz
Bu makalenin amacı, üzerinde ilk çalışmaların 1970lerde başlayıp asıl ilerlemenin yirmi birinci yüzyılın başında olduğu ve henüz yeni bir kavram olan Tarihsel Bilinç kavramının farklı tanımlarını değerlendirmektir. Bu yüzden, son zamanlarda bu kavramın doğası, önemi ve postmodern bağlamda tarih ve kurgunun arasındaki sınırların ortadan kalkması üzerine yapılan çalışmalar ışığında tarihsel bilincin ortaya çıkması sürecinde tarihsel romanın önemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu açıdan, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin neredeyse elli yıllık bir dönemini kapsayan Don DeLillo’nun Underworld (Yeraltı, 1997) adlı tarihsel romanı, kurgusal bir eserin okurunun tarihsel bilincine nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu göstermesi açısından seçilmiştir. Yazar, Soğuk Savaş dönemi ortamını tekrar canlandırarak, yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısını politik, kültürel ve sosyal gündemi ile açığa vuran çok katmanlı bir tasvirini yaratmıştır.
Referanslar
Begley, Adam. “Don DeLillo: Americana, Mao II, and Underworld.” Southwest Review, vol. 82, no. 4, 1997, pp. 478–505. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/43471858.
Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction on Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Pearson, 2007.
Brooks, Xan. “Don DeLillo: ‘I think of myself as the kid from the Bronx’” The Guardian. 6 May 2016. https://www.theguardian. com/books/2016/may/06/don-delillo-kid-from-the-bronx-interview-xan-brooks. Corliss, Richard. “A Tribute to Lenny Bruce.” Time. Aug. 10, 2006. http://content. time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1225432,00. html.
DeLillo, Don. Underworld. Picador, 1999.
---.“The Power of History.” The New York Times. September 7, 1997. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/library/ books/090797article3.html.
Foucault, Michel. “The Subject and Power.” Critical Inquiry, vol. 8, no. 4, 1982, pp. 777–795. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/1343197.
Mraović-O’Hare, Damjana. “The Beautiful, Horrifying Past: Nostalgia and Apocalypse in Don DeLillo’s Underworld.” Criticism, vol. 53, no. 2, 2011, pp. 213–239. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23131568.
Norton, Mary Beth et al. A People and A Nation: A History of the United States. Brief 9th Ed. Vol. II. Wadsworth, 2010.
Parrish, Timothy L. “From Hoover’s FBI to Eisenstein’s ‘Unterwelt’: DeLillo Directs the Postmodern Novel.” Modern Fiction Studies, vol. 45, no. 3, 1999, pp. 696–723. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/ stable/26285575.
Paul, Herman. Hayden White: The Historical Imagination. Polity Press, 2011.
Pihlainen, Kalle. “On Historical Consciousness and Popular Pasts.” História da Historiografia 7:15 (2014), 10–26. DOI: 10.15848/hh.v0i15.685.
Rodwell, Grant. Whose History? Engaging History Students through Historical Fiction. University of Adelaide Press, 2013.
Rosen, Elizabeth. “Lenny Bruce and His Nuclear Shadow Marvin Lundy: Don DeLillo’s Apocalyptists Extraordinaires.” Journal of American Studies, vol. 40, no. 1, 2006, pp. 97–112. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/27557736.
Rüsen, Jörn. “Historical Consciousness: Narrative Structure, Moral Function, and Ontogenetic Development.” Theorizing Historical Consciousness, edited by Peter Seixas, Toronto UP, 2004, pp. 63-85.
Schaub, Thomas Hill. “Underworld, Memory, and the Recycling of Cold War Narrative.” Don DeLillo: MaoII, Underworld, Falling Man, edited by Stacey Olster, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2011, pp. 69-83.
Schieder, Theodor. “The Role of Historical Consciousness in Political Action.” History and Theory, vol. 17, no. 4, 1978, pp. 1–18. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2504707. Seixas, Peter. “Introduction.” Theorizing Historical Consciousness, edited by Peter Seixas, University of Toronto Press, 2004, pp. 3-24.
Southgate, Beverley. History Meets Fiction. Routledge, 2014.
Straub, Jürgen. “Telling Stories, Making History: Toward a Narrative Psychology of the Historical Construction of Meaning.” Narration, Identity and Historical Consciousness, edited by Jürgen Straub, Berghahn Book, 2005, pp. 44-99.
Taylor, Mark C. Rewiring the Real: In Conversation with William Gaddis, Richard Powers, Mark Danielewski, and Don DeLillo. Columbia UP, 2014.
The American Heritage: Dictionary of the English Language. 3rd Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1992.
White, Hayden. Metahistory: The Historical Imagination in Nineteenth-Century Europe. The John Hopkins UP, 1973. ---. “The Burden of History.” History and Theory, vol. 5, no. 2, 1966, pp. 111–134. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2504510.
--- . The Content of the Form: Narrative Discourse and Historical Representation. The John Hopkins UP, 1987.
