Indian, Native American, American Indian?

Abstract

This article analyzes the complex and evolving identities of Indigenous peoples in North America, focusing on the labels used to describe them, such as 'Indian,' 'Native American,' and 'American Indian.' The authors examine the historical and cultural significance of these terms, particularly the colonial concept of 'blood quantum' that continues to influence self-identification. The paper explores the National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., as a symbol of Native empowerment and self-determination. This study investigates how the museum's architecture, exhibitions, and curation reflect Indigenous perspectives and challenge traditional anthropological approaches. The article argues that the museum serves as an educational center and a sacred space for ceremonial life, reinvigorating cultural heritage and contemporary existence. Key findings highlight the significance of Native peoples defining themselves rather than being defined by others, emphasizing their resilience, humor, and optimism about the future.

(The abstract and keywords were prepared retrospectively for indexing purposes using AI-assisted tools and editorial review, based on the original article. They did not appear in the original publication.)