Contemporary Native American Education Issues in the United States: A Year in Review
Keywords:
Native American education, NIEA, language revitalization, federal funding, educational equityAbstract
This article analyzes contemporary issues in Native American education through the lens of Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert's tenure as president of the National Indian Education Association (NIEA) and his subsequent tour of Turkey. The paper explores the critical educational challenges faced by Native American students, including federal funding disparities, culturally irrelevant curricula, and the suppression of native languages. The author contends that these issues contribute to significant achievement gaps between Native and non-Native students. This study examines NIEA's six program initiatives, highlighting efforts in Native Language Revitalization, Reauthorization of the No Child Left Behind Act, and the National Native Cultural Education Standards. The article argues that incorporating native languages and cultures into education is essential for improving academic outcomes and validating Native identity. Key findings include the passage of the Esther Martinez Native American Languages Preservation Act and the ongoing need for federal support to address educational inequities.
(The abstract and keywords were prepared retrospectively for indexing purposes using AI-assisted tools and editorial review, based on the original article. They did not appear in the original publication.)
References
Alliance for Excellent Education. “About the Crisis.” 4 Feb. 2008. .
---. “American Indian and Alaska Native Students and U.S. High Schools Fact Sheet.” Nov. 2008.
---. “Economic Analysis.” 5 May 2009. .
Antel, Will (Chairman). “Critical Issues in Indian Education.” The 2nd National Indian Education Conference Steering Committee Meeting Notes. Minneapolis, MN. 26-28 Aug. 1970.
Beaulieu, David. “Native American Education Research and Policy Development in an Era of No Child Left Behind: Native Language and Culture During the Administrations of Presidents Clinton and Bush.” Journal of American Indian Education 47.1 (2008): 34-37.
Beaulieu David, Lillian Sparks, and Marisa Alonzo. “Preliminary Report on No Child Left Behind in Indian Country” National Indian Education Association, Washington, D.C. 2005.
Carrasco, Roberto Luis and Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert. “Native Science Connections in Native American Classrooms: Final Report of the National Science Foundation Native Science Connections Research Project.” Flagstaff, AZ: Northern Arizona U P, 1999
Consortium of Native Organizations. “Joint Policy Statement on Indigenous Languages and Culturally-Based Education Programs for American Indian, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian Students.” National Indian Education Association, Native Hawaiian Education Council, National Indian School Board Association, American Indian Higher Education Consortium, Alaska Federation of Natives, Tribal Education Departments National Assembly, 24 Apr. 2008.
Esther Martinez Native American Language Preservation Act of 2006. Pub. L. 109- 394, H.R. 4766. 109th Cong. 14 Dec. 2006.
Freeman, Catherine and Mary Ann Fox. “Status and Trends in the Education of American Indians and Alaska Natives (NCES 2005-108). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, D.C.: GPO.
Gilbert, Willard Sakiestewa. “Annual State of Indian Education Address: Let Us Not Be Afraid.” Native American Law Digest 18.3 (Mar. 2008): 1-6.
---. “DHHS Testimony of Dr. Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert, President, National Indian Education Association at the United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Fiscal Year 2010 Budget Consultation.” Washington, D.C., 13 Mar. 2008.
---. “House BIE Testimony of Dr. Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert, President National Indian Education Association before the United States House of Representatives Education and Labor Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education Subcommittee Hearing on Challenges Facing Bureau of Indian Education Schools in Improving Student Achievement.” Washington, D.C. 9 Sept. 2008. <http://www.niea.org/sa/uploads/policyissues/41.24. NIEATestimonyHouseEdandLabor9_09_08.pdf>.
---. “House NCLB Testimony of Dr. Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert, President-Elect National Indian Education Association before the United States House of Representatives Education and Labor Committee Hearing on the Reauthorization of No Child Left Behind in Indian Country.” Gila River Indian Community, Sacaton, AZ. 28 Apr. 2007.
---. “Impact of Culturally Based Teaching on Student Academic and Social Development.” Campaign for High School Equity (CHSE) Congressional Briefing: Culturally Based Teaching: A Model for Student Success. Alliance for Excellent Education. 3 Mar. 2009. <http://www.highschoolequity.org/events/ congressional-briefings/>.
---. “Indian Kids Deserve a Fair Chance.” Editorial. Indian Country Today 23 July 2008: 5. Print
---. “Meaningful Reform Begins with Lowering Dropout Rates.” Editorial. Arizona Republic 16 May 2009: B5.
---. “Senate Testimony of Dr. Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert, President National Indian Education Association, Written Testimony Submitted to the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs on the President’s Fiscal Year 2009 Budget Request.” Washington, DC. 14 Feb. 2008.
Gilbert, Willard Sakiestewa, Joe A. Garcia, and Andrew C. Duff. “NIEA, NCAI, AISES President’s Joint Stem Meeting on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics-Stem Initiative.” Santa Fe, NM. 21 Jan. 2008.
Keefe, Anna, and Vanessa Tantillo. “NIEA National Cultural Standards for Education Phase I.” Harvard University Native American Program: Nation Building II. 16 May 2008.
McKinney, D. “Last Native Speaker of Eyak Language Is Dead at 89.” Anchorage Daily News, Anchorage 23 Jan. 2008.
Moran, R, B.D. Rampey, G. Dion, and P. Donahue. “National Indian Education Study 2007 Part I: Performance of American Indian and Alaska Native Students at Grades 4 and 8 on NAEP 2007 Reading and Mathematics Assessments” (NCES 2008-457). National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education, Washington, D.C. .
National Academy of Sciences. Rising above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future. National Academies Press. 2007. <http://democrats.science.house.gov/Media/File/ ForHearings/05oct20Compete/natacad_compete_exsum_12oct05.pdf>.
National Endowment for the Arts. “Esther Martinez: Native American Linguist and Storyteller, Ohkay Owingeh, New Mexico.” Vol. 1. NEA Arts 2007. .
National Indian Education Association. “National Indian Education Association National Native Education Agenda Executive Summary.” 2009. .
Native Children’s Agenda National Meeting. “Connecting on a Native Children’s
genda: Working to Improve the Holistic Well-Being of Our Native Children.” 11-12 Sept. 2007.
No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Pub. L. 107-110. 107th Cong. 8 Jan. 2002
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). “Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2006 Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World.” <http://www.pisa.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/13/39725224. pdf>.
Perdue, Sonny. “Testimony of Sonny Perdue on Behalf of the National Governors Association: Improved Competitiveness and Academic Standards.” U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Education and Labor Hearing on Strengthening America’s Competitiveness through Common Academic Standards. Washington, D.C. 29 Apr. 2009.
Perie, M, W. Grigg and G. Dion. “The Nation’s Report Card: Mathematics 2005” (NCES 2006-453). U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Educatio Statistics. Washington, D.C.: GPO. <http://nces.ed.gov/nationsreportcard/pdf/ main2005/2006453.pdf>.
Reyhner, Jon, and Jeanne Eder. “History of Indian Education.” Teaching American Indian Students. Ed. Jon Reyhner. Norman, OK: U of Oklahoma P, 1992. Taylor, Loris Ann. Personal Communication. 12 Mar. 2007.
Todechine, Samantha. “Testimony of Samantha Todechine at the National Association for Indian Education and Navajo Nation Bureau of Indian Education Regional Hearing.” Regional Hearing on Issues Related to the Bureau of Indian Affairs Funded Schools/Bureau of Indian Education. Window Rock, AZ, 21 Aug. 2008.
Trafzer, Clifford E., Willard Sakiestewa Gilbert, and Anthony Madrigal. “Integrating Science into Tribal Environmental Protection Agency.” American Behavioral Scientist 51.12 (2008): 1844-66.
U. S. Commission on Civil Rights (USCCR). “A Quiet Crisis: Federal Funding and Unmet Needs in Indian Country.” Washington, D.C. U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. July 2003.
Venegas, Kerry. “NIEA High School Policy: Updates from the High School Policy Initiative.” NIEA NEWS Winter 2008/2009:40-42.
Wise, Robert. Raising the Grade: How Secondary School Reform Can Save Our Youth and the Nation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, 2008.